HTB is a great place for anyone to practice their hacking skills. It doesn’t matter if you’re a beginner or a seasoned security professional, it has all sorts of machines to challenge your skills. After spending many hours, trying to root as many boxes as possible, I observed that I tend to forget some good practices or certain techniques and commands that would make my life easier and I thought of making this little article.
OSINT
With that, I mean the general concept of OSINT and looking for clues and solutions.
- It’s always important to note any user you come across while browsing a website, as it may be useful for later use. A user
Carl Smiththat wrote an article on that box may have an account with the usernamecsmithorc.smithorcSmithetc. If you come across a password with no username, chances are Mr. Smith is your guy. - Do some research on the box’s creator. This may sound as a cheat, but(!) see it this way: when you’re doing a pentest and you want to do a spear phishing attack, you have to know your target, right?
Many creators get in the process of creating a box just because they have an article about a technique to escalate privileges or a CVE under their name. Search for their blogs, their Github profiles and maybe even Twitter(?)!
Read .bash_history
Probably 99% of the boxes have it like that: .bash_history > /dev/null. Nevertheless, once you’re in the box, it only takes you half of a second to check. In real-world environments .bash_history can contain juicy information, like “accidental passwords typed after unsuccessful sudo” as mentioned this privilege escalation reference guide - Wiki in 0x00sec. Although I get it why .bash_history gets redirected to dev/null/ here in HTB. If it wasn’t, I would be getting root just by waiting for someone to enter the commands for me!
$ sudo -l
I really don’t know why, I just forget it. But you shouldn’t!
Enum, enum, enum
I can’t stress that enough. Enumerate as if you’re about to get root.
Yeah, sometimes things are clear as daylight, e.g. having a machine that uses a web server that is vulnerable to RCE. But most of the times it’s not and HTB wants you to suffer.
Frustration is your enemy
This can be a note to myself for every time I get stuck in a box. No, vict0ni, the box doesn’t want to mess with you. Neither does the creator. Take a step back, review your findings and the situation, and try again. This, of course, is not limited for playing HTB but it’s a good general tip for hacking and coding.
Don’t avoid Windows boxes
You can’t avoid the inevitable. Windows were, are and will be a big part of the world of computers. Although it’s boxes doesn’t always have the most realistic environments, I tend to see HTB as a practice for the real world and a very good preparation for OSCP. As I lack of knowledge for Windows, I can only get better at it by practicing. As @pry0cc said:
Eat your vegetables!
(If you’re like @Baud, replace the word “Windows” with “Linux”)
Now go hack!
